The Effects of Attitudinal, Normative, and Control Beliefs on M-Learning Adoption Among the Students of Higher Education in Pakistan

This study intends to analyze the influence of behavioral and psychosocial factors of higher education students of Karachi on acceptance of m-learning as a mode of getting education. The Theory of Planned Behavior and Technology Acceptance Model have provided the basic frameworks to formulate the hypotheses for this study. The analyses of the study reveal that attitudinal beliefs and subjective norms have significant and positive impact on m-learning. Additionally, control influences on Perceived Behavioral Control also make significant contributions in the adoption of m-learning methodologies. Collectively, all of these factors converge to form greater intent of the students to assimilate this new learning environment. It was also found that the characteristics and features of the mobile gadgets such as greater familiarity of the students with them, handiness and ease of use, influences them to utilize these devices in completing their academic tasks, hence, influencing their intention toward the adoption of m-learning. Also seamless learning experience, students get through m-learning, reduces their mental resistance toward it and encourages them to adopt it. Information pertaining to the defined criteria was gathered through a specimen of 300 questionnaire responses and was then analyzed using the reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and partial least square-structural equation modeling to assess the influence of these factors on m-learning adoption.